Implemention and expiry dates are noted in your policy.
Some insurance providers offer short validity periods (12 months), others automatically offer longer periods (often 5 years).
You can find out how and when to switch insurers before the contract expires here: Switching insurers.
Tip:
Avoid long validity periods in order to stay flexible and profit from more favourable offers. This way, you will save more money than the small discount you receive for long validity periods. With companies that do not offer one-year contracts you can insist on a right to terminate annually. This has to be stated in the policy.